Genetic identification and determination of parasites (Babesia, Leptospira and Toxoplasma Gondi) in wild rats

Abstract Rodents are reservoirs for the transmission of various zoonotic diseases such as Toxoplasmosis, Babesiosis, and Leptospirosis, which have become a threat to public health worldwide. Given the large number and significant presence of wild rats, the aim of this study was to genetically identify and determine the presence of parasites (Babesia, Leptospira, and Toxoplasma gondii) in wild rats found in Obafemi Awolowo Hall, University of Ibadan. Wild rats were captured from different parts of the University using live traps and euthanized, then dissected aseptically. Body length and weight were recorded before obtaining kidneys and brains for PCR-based parasite detection and identification. A total of 53 rodents belonging to five rodent genera and one shrew genus were captured. Among these rodents, Rattus norvegicus was the most predominant species, accounting for 70% of total captures. The largest category was 21–40 cm (63.63%), and the highest body weight range was 1-200 g (61.81%). The presence of these zoonotic parasites in wild rats suggests the potential risk of transmitting rodent-borne zoonotic diseases to humans. There is a need to enhance interventions for rat control and raise public awareness about the associated health risks, as this is an issue of public health concern.