Prediction of risks of comorbidity of type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease taking into account plasma levels of 8-isoprostane and sirtuin-1

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including coronary heart disease (CHD), continue to be the major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Both CHD and T2DM are the most dangerous and widely spread conditions. According to research data, a high overall prevalence of CVD in type 2 DM has been established, with CHD as the most prevalent CVD type. Objective — to determine the prognostic possibilities of estimation the risks of the development of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes comorbidity and to work out an appropriate prognostic model. Materials and methods. A randomized controlled single‑center prospective case‑control study was conducted, Examinations involved 100 patients, allocated into two groups: subjects of the 1st group (n=30) had isolated CAD, and patients from the 2nd group (n=70) had CAD against the T2DM background. The control group consisted of 20 practically healthy subjects. Assessments included sirtuin‑1 and 8‑isoprostane levels. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using the IBM SPSS 25.0 application program package for Windows. Results. The following significant predictors of the development of CHD and T2DM comorbidity were determined: patients’ age (increased the probability by 7.1%) and body mass index (BMI, which increased the probability by 13.3%). The higher risk of CHD and T2DM was defined with the increasing 8‑isoprostane levels and decreasing sirtuin‑1 levels by 2.1% and 79.4%, respectively. In comparison with II functional class (FC) angina pectoris, the presence of III FC significantly (p=0.005) associated with a 66.3% decrease in the probability of the developing of CHD and T2DM comorbidity. In the combined analysis, the overall effect on the probability of developing CHD and T2DM comorbidity was determined with an increase in age by 8.1%, BMI by 18.9%, 8‑isoprostane by 2.6%, and a decrease in sirtuin‑1 by 81.0%, and presence of ІІІ FC of angina pectoris — by 82.8%. A mathematical equation for predicting the development of the comorbid course of CHD and T2DM has been worked out. Conclusions. Patients’ age, body mass index, levels of 8‑isoprostane and sirtuin‑1, presence of III FC angina pectoris have been established as the most important predictors of the development of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes comorbidity.