Sex-associated differences in neuroinflammation reactions in the cerebral cortex during the manifestation of alzheimer’s disease in an experiment

Alzheimer’s disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, which affects more than 1.5 million people annually, and the number of people with a confirmed diagnosis is about 55 million. One of the features of the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease is the development of neuroinflammation, the study of the course of which will significantly improve the process of developing new drugs to correct this disease. This article evaluates the gender differences in the neuroinflammation process in Alzheimer’s disease in an experiment. Experimental Alzheimer’s disease was reproduced in Wistar rats (males and females) by Aβ1–42 aggregates injection into the hippocampus of animals. During the work following parameters were evaluated: the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, interleukin-10, interleukin-6 and NOD-like receptors, which was measured in the cerebral cortex by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. During the experiment, it was found that in both male and female rats, the injection of Aβ1–42 aggregates induces a neuroinflammatory reaction. At the same time, in female rats, the neuroinflammation process was more active, which was expressed in an increase in the content of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and NOD-like receptors, compared with males by 1.4 times (p less than 0.05); 1.5 times (p less than 0.05) and 4 (p less than 0.05) times, respectively. It is worth noting that the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-10 did not differ significantly in the groups of females and males with experimental Alzheimer’s disease. Thus, it was shown that in female Wistar rats, neuroinflammation reactions are more intense than in males, which can be used in preclinical studies of new drugs intended for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.