To reduce carbon emissions globally, hydrogen fuel has emerged as a promising contender for environmentally sustainable energy transport and storage. However, hydrogen possesses several inherent safety challenges such as its propensity for rapid diffusion, a broad flammability range when mixed with air, and hydrogen embrittlement, a phenomenon where hydrogen diffuses into metals, compromising their structural integrity. Consequently, safety considerations are paramount. This study presents a hazard identification (HAZID) analysis to evaluate the feasibility of a subterranean liquid hydrogen refueling station as an alternative to conventional above-ground gaseous hydrogen refueling stations. Through this analysis, four representative accident scenarios were identified, and 17 mitigation recommendations were proposed. The implementation of these recommendations is anticipated to significantly reduce the potential for accident-related damage in subterranean liquid hydrogen refueling stations.
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Yoon et al. (2024) studied this question.