FIGURE 5 from Activation of the Mevalonate Pathway in Response to Anti-cancer Treatments Drives Glioblastoma Recurrences Through Activation of Rac-1

Identification of Rac1 as the potential contributor for maintaining the stemness of surviving glioma cells. A, Cholesterol biosynthesis pathway and the key selected inhibitors. B–E, Sphere-forming capacity of HK374 spheres treated either with GGTI-298 (GGTase inhibitor) or YM-53601 (squalene synthase inhibitor) or Zaragozic acid (squalene synthase inhibitor) or Lonafarnib (farnesyltransferase inhibitor) at 100, 500 nmol/L, 1 µmol/L concentrations when combined with radiation and QTP (10 µmol/L). F–I, Sphere-forming capacity of HK374 spheres treated either with Ehop-016 (Rac GTPase inhibitor) or Rhosin (RhoA-specific inhibitor) or Y27632 (ROCK1/2 inhibitor) or CID44216842 (Cdc42-selective inhibitor) at 500 nmol/L, 1, 5, 10 µmol/L concentrations when combined with radiation and QTP. All experiments have been performed with at least three biological independent repeats. P-values were calculated using one-way ANOVA.