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The aim of this work is to establish the bulk modulus expressions of fullerene C60 in both linear and nonlinear deformation cases. The Lennard-Jones potential energy is used to calculate the bonding forces between carbon atoms. The research results reveal a formula demonstrating the dependence of the bulk modulus on the volume of the fullerene in the case of significant volume deformation (nonlinear case). Consequently, the bulk modulus of fullerene C60 can be determined basing on the volume deformation ratio. A comparison between the bulk modulus in general case (large deformation - nonlinear) and specific case (small deformation - linear) has been made. The results obtained through the Finite Element Method (FEM) and Density function theory (DFT) have affirmed the accuracy of the research results.
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Nguyen et al. (2024) studied this question.
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