The Impact of RHT Gene Alleles on the Yield of Spring Wheat Under Drought Conditions

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of dwarfing genes Rht-B1a/B1b and Rht-D1a/D1b on the phenotype and yield of spring soft wheat under drought conditions in Kazakhstan.From 2018 to 2022, laboratory experiments were conducted at S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical Research University, and field trials were performed at two sites in Kazakhstan.The study involved phenotypic analysis of plant height (PH) and coleoptile length (CL), as well as yield measurement.The RhtB1a and RhtD1a alleles significantly influenced plant traits.Hybrids carrying the RhtB1a allele exhibited a reduction in plant height by 15-20%, while yield improvements reached up to 30% compared to non-dwarf varieties.Specific hybrids, such as WH190, demonstrated yields of 2.5 tons per hectare, which is 80% higher than the country's average yield indicator.Dwarfing genes RhtB1a and RhtD1a are critical for optimizing wheat growth and yield under drought conditions.This study highlights the potential of specific genotypes in wheat breeding programs, emphasizing the importance of integrating genetic and field data to identify optimal genotypes for specific environments.