Examining the prevalence of cardiovascular complications among individuals with early-onset type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional analysis at a tertiary care hospital

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus poses a global health threat, with over 60% of cases in Asia. T2DM significantly increases the risk of diabetic cardiomyopathy and cardiovascular disease, contributing to heart failure through mechanisms like myocardial infarction. Diabetic patients face a two to fourfold increased likelihood of developing coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. The objective of this investigation was to assess the frequency of cardiovascular complications in individuals with early-onset type 2 diabetes. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Cardiology, Jashore Medical College, Jashore, Bangladesh. The study duration was one year from January 2023 to December 2023. and focused on adult Type 2 Diabetes patients admitted to tertiary care wards. Inclusion criteria encompassed ages 20-35, both sexes, Type 2 Diabetes diagnosis, and voluntary participation. Exclusion criteria included age under 20, severe concomitant diseases, Gestational Diabetes, advanced renal failure, and Type 1 Diabetes. Results: This study analyzed 270 cases, with participants predominantly aged 32-35 years (48.52%). Gender distribution showed 56.36% female and 43.64% male participants. Echocardiographic findings revealed normal electrocardiograms in 81.82% of cases, with myocardial infarction observed in 16 cases showing diverse cardiac abnormalities. Diabetic patients exhibited left ventricular diastolic dysfunction 1(0.91%) and hypertrophy 2(1.82%). Conclusions: The high prevalence of risk factors like obesity and hypertension highlights the intricate connection between metabolic and cardiovascular health. Early monitoring and intervention in young adults with type 2 diabetes are crucial for reducing cardiovascular risks.