Cytological studies in the diagnosis of uveitis. A clinical example

Purpose. To demonstrate on a clinical example the use of laboratory cytological methods for the differential diagnosis of masquerade syndrome and uveitis. Methods. A clinical example of а 77-year-old patient is presented. She was diagnosed with uveitis and received courses of anti-inflammatory therapy for 6 years without positive dynamics. Further, an assumption was made about the tumor cause of inflammation (primary bilateral intraocular lymphoma), a diagnostic vitrectomy with vitreous sampling for cytological examination was performed. Cytological examination confirmed the diagnosis of lymphoma. Results A patient with uveitis was suspected to have masquerade syndrome. A cytological examination of the vitreous body was performed; as a result, the diagnosis of intraocular lymphoma was unequivocally confirmed. The patient’s examination plan and further treatment were radically revised.