MDG625: A daily high-resolution meteorological dataset derived by geopotential-guided attention network in Asia (1940–2023)

The long-term and reliable meteorological reanalysis dataset with high spatial-temporal resolution is crucial for various hydrological and meteorological applications, especially in regions or periods with scarce in situ observations and with limited open-access data. Based on the ERA5 (produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, 0.25°×0.25°, since 1940) and CLDAS (China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System, 0.0625°×0.0625°, since 2008), we proposed a novel downscaling method Geopotential-guide Attention Network (GeoAN) leveraging the high spatial resolution of CLDAS and the extended historical coverage of ERA5 and produced the daily multi-variable (2 m temperature, surface pressure, and 10 m wind speed) meteorological dataset MDG625 (Song et al., 2024). MDG625 (0.0625° Meteorological Dataset derived by GeoAN) covers most of Asia from 0.125° S to 64.875° N and 60.125° E to 160.125° E since 1940. Compared with other downscaling methods, GeoAN shows better performance with the R2 (2 m temperature, surface pressure, and 10 m wind speed reached 0.990, 0.998, and 0.781, respectively). MDG625 demonstrates superior continuity and consistency from both spatial and temporal perspectives. We anticipate that this GeoAN method and this dataset MDG625 will aid in climate studies of Asia and will contribute to improving the accuracy of reanalysis products from the 1940s. The dataset (Song et al., 2024) is presented in https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.17408 and the code can be found in https://github.com/songzijiang/GeoAN.