Evaluation of the Non-Invasive Diagnostic Method for Helicabacter pylori from 50 Patients (Case of CHU-RN)

Introduction: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), as a negative and spiral microorganism Gram, is responsible for the colonization of the gastric micro niche for over 50% of the global population. Recent studies have shown the crucial role of H. pylori in the development of gastro duodenal ulcers, gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric cancer. The aim of this work is to determine the sensitivity and specificity of two non-invasive tests used for the diagnosis of H. pylori. Material and Methods: This is a prospective analytical study which took place from February 2nd to May 5th, 2022, at the CHU-RN laboratory. 50 patients, including 31 women and 19 men aged from 15 to 75 years old underwent two rapid detection tests for H. pylori in the blood and stools. Results: The most representative group was the one of women with a percentage of 62 and the average age of 37 years old. From the 50 samples tested for H. pylori antibodies in the blood and antigens in the stools, the sensitivity was 44.44% and the specificity was 90.91%, with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 66.67% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 80%. Conclusion: H. pylori infection is a significant public health issue, especially in developing countries, mainly in Chad. However, the study showed a lower sensitivity rate in both non-invasive methods. This could be due not only to the small size of our sample but also to the absence of some elements that could contribute to a good sensitivity.