Impressive response to Pralseltinib in KIAA1468 RET-fusion anaplastic thyroid cancer: a case report and literature review

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a severe, aggressive form of cancer with low survival rates. Multimodal therapies are currently employed with limited success and targeting molecular subgroups of ATC, such as those with RET translocation, is an active area of research. In this case report, we present a patient with metastatic ATC harboring a RET translocation, treated with two RET-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), Pralsetinib and Selpercatinib. Pralsetinib resulted in a significant and rapid reduction in lung metastasis complicated by a pneumothorax effects. The initial efficacy of Pralsetinib in our patient underscores the potential of RET-specific TKIs in the management of RET-altered ATC and highlights the risk of adverse events associated with tumor response in high tumor burden diseases. Meticulous management of side effects remains essential to improve patient outcomes.