Collectible varieties of grain sorghum as a source material for breeding productive varieties with high grain protein yield

The study of samples of grain sorghum in a collection nursery during 2021-2023 made it possible to identify valuable forms according to a complex of economically useful features. A significant variation of the studied parameters was revealed – from 13.9% (weight of 1000 grains) to 38.1% (extension of the inflorescence stem). Such a wide variability of features contributed to the identification of forms with the highest values of useful indicators. The results of three years of research have shown the presence in the nursery of valuable lines with a complex of economically valuable traits that are donors of important indicators. The starting material for breeding varieties with large grains were samples k-4075, k-2058, O-k-8803 (1) and O-k-8803 (2) with a mass of 1000 seeds of 33.7-37.9 g. Donors of increased grain yield were identified – k-3267, k-1343, k-9115, k-8850, 06-2037 (5.16-5.42 t/ha) and biomass – k-10112, k-9115, k-8850, Tajik (21.12-22.35 t/ha). The variation of the protein content in the grain of the samples was found in the range from 9.58% (k-1343) to 11.44% (k-1882) at the level of the indicator for the Start standard variety of 10.13%. A high calculated protein yield in the grain yield (more than 400 kg/ha) was determined in the samples: k-99 – 414.29 kg/ha, k-3267 – 451.10 kg/ha, k-1343 – 445.47 kg/ha, Tajik – 463.07 kg/ha, k-9115 – 457.04 kg/ha, k-8850 – 509.82 kg/ha, 06-2037 – 461.81 kg/ha. The highest protein harvest was found in the grain yield of sample k-8850 – 509.82 kg/ha, exceeding the value of the indicator for the Start standard by 152.23 kg/ha or 42.6%.