Role of Solanum nigrum in the apoptotic and proliferative mechanism – Novel insights in therapeutic strategy of oral cancer

Solanum nigrum (SN), referred to as black nightshade, is a member of the Solanaceae . It is composed of various alkaloids, glycoproteins, antioxidants, and flavonoids. It has abundant anticancer and antioxidant properties. Cancer is a global disease for which many therapies are still under research since there is no specific drug that could cure cancer to date. There are many types of cancer, which include breast, prostate, colorectal, lung, pancreatic, and oral cancer (OC). Among these, the sixth most prevalent type of cancer is OC. Treatment of cancer includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. There are many side effects associated with it. To prevent complications, phytotherapy will be a beneficial treatment option. This review will highlight the properties and components of SN and its various roles in different types of cancers. SN has several components in it of which each has a specific role and has several benefits. There are ongoing studies that explain the advantage of using this as a drug in different cancers; yet, this review highlights the pathway that has been involved in oral squamous cell carcinoma, and it could also be used as therapy.