Acute Tumour Lysis Syndrome associated with mediastinal lymphoma in a dog

An eleven-year-old non-descript female dog weighing about 27 kg presented to small animal clinical complex was diagnosed with lymphoma (Stage IV) based on the clinical signs, serum biochemistry, radiography, ultrasonographical examination and histopathological examination of FNAC sample taken from superficial lymph nodes. The University of Wisconsin -Madison Lymphoma CHOP-19 protocol was initiated on day one with vincristine and prednisolone acetate. On day three dog was presented with signs of dyspnoea, vomiting and generalized edema. Metabolic acidosis, hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, hyperchloremia, azotemia were observed. These abnormalities led to a tentative diagnosis of acute tumor lysis syndrome (ATLS). Aggressive Fluid therapy and other supportive therapy was initiated but the animal died due to multiple organ failure.