What is pro-environmental behaviour? Nuanced maps of multi-dimensional pro-environmental behaviours that highlight the relevance of impact and diversity

Definitions of pro-environmental psychology are so far dominated by the perspective of western, educated, industrialized, rich and democratic societies. They focus on behaviour that is intended and accessible for individuals with access to the necessary resources. Typologies of pro-environmental behaviour are based on these definitions. We argue that pro-environmental behaviours are more facetted than previous typologies suggest. They can be unfolded along different dimensions: intent, activeness, collectivity, socio-economical level, social sphere, locality. Mapping behaviour on these dimensions helps to draw attention to behaviours that are often not acknowledged as pro-environmental behaviour or not represented in scales assessing pro-environmental behaviour. Importantly, the proposed behaviour dimensions are associated with diversity dimensions (e.g., gender, socio-economic status, societal system). Considering these issues can help researchers decide which behaviours to include in their research when they want to account for diversity and social justice.