Cone-beam computed tomographic evaluation of styloid process: a retrospective study of 498 patients with orofacial disease （Not applicable）

Abstract Introduction: The purpose of this study was to assess the structural characteristics of the styloid process (SP) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination in patients with orofacial pain. Additionally, the study aimed to determine the prevalence of elongated SP and its relationship to gender in the study population. Methods: A retrospective evaluation was conducted on the clinical and radiographic records of 208 patients. Radiological examinations were performed on CBCT images to measure the structure, length, and medial angulations of the SP. Results: Out of 208 patients, the distribution of SP elongation was as follows: 96 (46%) had non-elongated SP, 28 (13%) had elongation on the left side, 16 (8%) had elongation on the right side, and 68 (33%) had bilateral elongation of SP. The patients with elongated SP had significantly decreased angle values. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the length values of SP between males and females in both groups. Additionally, a significantly increased prevalence of symptoms, except for headaches, was observed in patients with elongated SP. Conclusions: This study introduces cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) as a substitute approach for CT or panoramic radiographs in gauging and evaluating the styloid process (SP). Individuals experiencing orofacial pain, along with elongated SP, exhibited a higher incidence of associated neurological symptoms relative to those without elongation.