Hormonal Repercussions of Breast Surgeries: Analysis of Scientific Evidence

INTRODUCTION Breast surgeries, including mastectomies, breast reductions, and reconstructions, are increasingly common due to rising breast cancer rates, advancements in surgical techniques, and preventive health measures.These surgeries differ in their objectives and have significant implications for a woman's hormonal balance.Hormonal integrity is crucial for various physiological processes, and disruptions caused by breast surgeries can lead to substantial health impacts.The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis plays a vital role in regulating female sex hormones, and surgical stress can adversely affect this system, leading to hormonal imbalances.Studies have documented various hormonal changes following breast surgeries, necessitating vigilant monitoring and personalized management to mitigate these effects and optimize patient outcomes.OBJETIVE To comprehensively review and analyze the impact of various breast surgeries on hormonal changes in women, focusing on the physiological, endocrine, and clinical consequences of these procedures.METHODS This is a narrative review which included studies in the MEDLINE -PubMed (National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health), COCHRANE, EMBASE and Google Scholar databases, using as descriptors: "Breast Surgeries" AND "Hormonal Changes" AND "Endocrine Disruption" AND "Postoperative Complications" AND "Hormone Replacement Therapy" in the last years.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Breast surgeries often lead to significant reductions in estrogen and progesterone levels, particularly after mastectomies and oophorectomies, resulting in symptoms similar to menopause.These surgeries disrupt the HPO axis, causing menstrual irregularities and infertility in premenopausal women.Thyroid function can also be affected, with temporary hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism