Role of Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822) in Small-Scale Fisheries, Rural Livelihoods, and Traditional Knowledge Systems

Puntius sophore is a small indigenous fish species widely distributed across South and Southeast Asian countries. These fishes are known to play an important role in small-scale fisheries system, rural livelihoods, and in traditional food systems. Its ecological adaptability, high reproductive capacity, and year round availability makes this fish species as an important resources for small and marginalized fisher’s communities. P. sophore is also a good source of high quality proteins and micronutrients including calcium, iron, and vitamin A, thereby addressing nutrient deficiencies and enhancing food security of the rural communities. It also supports rural and regional economies through market sales locally and gender inclusive market value chains, with women playing a key role in post-harvest practices and marketing. Traditional knowledge on fishing practices and culinary diversity highlights its cultural importance. However, increasing anthropogenic pressures such as habitat degradation, global climate change, environmental pollution and overfishing are creating threats to its population. This fish is listed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), however, localized declines in P. sophore populations highlight the strategies and needs for sustainable management. This mini review briefly highlights P. sophore current knowledge on its biology, ecological role, and traditional importance while emphasizing conservation and community based approaches to ensure its continued availability as an important resource for food and livelihood security of the rural communities.