Energy Issues, Economic Resilience and Environmental Degradation in Greece, Italy and Spain

This study investigates long‐term trends and interconnections between energy issues, economic resilience and environmental performance in Greece, Italy and Spain from 1971 to 2019. Using comparative descriptive analysis and comparative analysis, the research examines the trajectory of key energy and economic indicators. The findings indicate that Spain is the most resilient economy, characterized by substantial renewable energy penetration in the national energy mix and post‐2008 financial crisis gross domestic product (GDP) recovery. Moderate GDP losses and steady improvements in energy efficiency characterize Italy. Ultimately, the Greek economy demonstrated high‐energy vulnerability, weak productivity growth and prolonged economic stagnation. The analysis highlights the importance of sustainable energy policies, investments in innovation and structural reforms in enhancing financial resilience and long‐term sustainability in Southern European countries.