Comparing U.S. public attitudes regarding hunting and trophy hunting and exploring perceptions of trophy hunting using social license to operate

Although hunting is generally accepted by the U.S. public, trophy hunting is often met with disapproval. Considering the global prevalence of trophy hunting, its potential social and ecological benefits, and its dependence on demand from the United States, understanding attitudes regarding the practice among U.S. residents is vital. 2000 U.S. residents responded to our online survey about attitudes toward hunting and trophy hunting. Fifty-seven percent of respondents approved of hunting while only 22% approved of trophy hunting. These attitudes were influenced by respondent demographics (i.e. age and gender). Motivation, target species, and hunting methods also impacted respondents' attitudes toward hunting. Attitudes toward trophy hunting, though largely negative, were influenced by circumstances surrounding a hunt. Our structural equation model supported using a "social license to operate (SLO)" framework (based on legitimacy, credibility, and trust) to understand public perceptions of trophy hunting, with results indicating minimal support for the practice's continuance.