Multidisciplinary approach to the management of pediatric patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Literature review

According to the results of a global epidemiological study by the Rome Foundation, about 40% of population worldwide have complaints about certain disorders of cerebrointestinal interaction. One of the most widespread complaints, including in the pediatric population, is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), the clinical manifestations of which include abdominal pain in combination with disturbances of stool frequency and/or consistency. The motor, secretory, and barrier dysfunctions of the intestine, the phenomenon of visceral hypersensitivity, changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microbiota, autonomic dysfunction, psychoemotional distress, etc., play an important role in the IBSonset. However, the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of this disorder remain unclear. According to the biopsychosocial model of medicine, the occurrence of IBS can be explained as a consequence of a disorder of bilateral relation on the “gut — brain” axis, which occurs as a result of the interaction of individual risk factors at different levels, namely biological, psychoemotional, and psychosocial. However, despite the large number of scientific works devoted to the study of probable risk factors and pathogenetic mechanisms of IBS development, currently, there is no clear understanding of their complex interaction, especially in children. Clinical examination of a child, including thorough medical history to identify potential risk and protective factors, as well as an assessment of the child psychoemotional state, is extremely important in the diagnosis of IBS. Considering the relatively low effectiveness of drugs and dietary interventions, the management of pediatric patients with IBS should be multimodal and include the use of non‑pharmacological means, namely cognitive‑behavioral therapy, family counseling, relaxation techniques, etc.