Sheep pox and lumpy skin disease– A report on Nellore jodipi sheep and Punganur cattle

Sheep pox and lumpy skin diseases are economically significant and contagious viral diseases reported in Nellore Jodipi sheep and Punganur cattle, respectively, caused by the genus Capripoxvirus (CaPV) of the family Poxviridae. The present cases were observed at Livestock Research Station, Palamaner, Chittoor (dt). This disease poses challenges to food production and distribution, affecting rural livelihoods. Transmission occurs mainly by direct or indirect contact with infected animals. They cause high morbidity and mortality, and additionally, the mortality rate can approach 100% in susceptible animals. Diagnosis largely relies on clinical symptoms, confirmed by laboratory testing using real-time PCR, electron microscopy, virus isolation, serology, and histology. Control and eradication of sheep pox virus (SPPV) and lumpy skin disease (LSDV) depend on timely recognition of disease eruption, vector control, and movement restriction. Attenuated sheep pox vaccine and live attenuated goat pox vaccine were used to control the Capripoxvirus in Nellore Jodipi and Punganur cattle.