The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Geosciences: Conceptual Review

Geophysics is the branch of Earth science that applies the principles and methods of physics to the study of the Earth. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), are transforming the field by providing powerful tools for data processing, analysis, and prediction. Traditional geophysical methods are often challenged by data complexity, non-unique solutions, and human interpretation limitations. AI algorithms trained on large datasets can identify intricate patterns and relationships within the data, leading to improved accuracy and efficiency. In this review, we provide an overview of the development of AI in the geophysical field such as seismic exploration. Specific examples illustrate the application of AI in geophysical workflows, highlighting the results achieved in areas such as seismic data processing, reservoir characterization, and automated seismic interpretation.