A rare etiology of cervical swelling in neonates: A case report

Fibromatosis colli presents a challenge due to its low incidence of 0.4 % in live births. Its etiology remains debated, often linked to fetal head positioning or birth-related trauma. Diagnosis relies on clinical and ultrasound findings, guiding treatment options ranging from observation to surgical intervention. A 25-day-old female infant presented with left cervical swelling and torticollis. Ultrasound revealed fusiform thickening of the left sternocleidomastoid muscle, confirming fibromatosis colli. Treatment comprised motor physiotherapy and positional adjustments, resulting in regression and eventual resolution of the swelling by six months without recurrence. Fibromatosis colli, a benign infancy-related neoplasm, is associated with factors like birth trauma. Diagnosis typically occurs within the first six months, with ultrasound as the preferred diagnostic tool. Conservative management, including physiotherapy, yields favorable outcomes, while surgical intervention may be warranted in refractory cases.