Visceral Leishmaniasis in Immunocompetent Adult Patient: Clinical Presentation

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) presents diagnostic complexities in adults due to its diverse clinical manifestations. This article presents a case study of a 33-year-old male with severe pancytopenia, anemia, weight loss, and fever, eventually diagnosed with VL. Through meticulous examination and diagnostic procedures, including bone marrow aspirate and serological assays, VL was confirmed. Treatment with liposomal Amphotericin B led to rapid clinical improvement without relapse. Epidemiological insights underscore the growing incidence of VL in adults, irrespective of immunocompetence, necessitating enhanced clinical suspicion. Recommendations for management, including early treatment and preventive measures, are discussed, emphasizing the significance of timely diagnosis and intervention in endemic regions.