Associations of dietary magnesium intake with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among individuals with gout and hyperuricemia

Abstract Background: We aimed to evaluate the relationship of dietary magnesium intake with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among patients with gout and hyperuricemia (HUA). Methods: We analyzed data of 1171 gout patients and 6707 patients with HUA from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018 and 2001-2018, respectively. Dietary intake data were obtained from 24-hour dietary recall interviews. Mortality status was determined using the NHANES public-use linked mortality fill. We used Cox regression model and restricted cubic spline analysis to probe the association of dietary magnesium intake and mortality among individuals with gout and HUA. Results: During 7081 person-years of follow-up, 257 deaths were documented in gout patients, among which 74 died from cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 48 died from cancer. For HUA patients followed up for 58,216 person-years, 1315 all-cause deaths occurred, including 411 CVD deaths and 224 cancer deaths. After multifactorial adjustments, higher dietary magnesium intake was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality among participants with gout and HUA. Restricted cubic splines showed a nonlinear inverse association between dietary magnesium intake with CVD mortality among HUA patients (P for nonlinear < 0.05), with the inflection point of 272mg/d. The results were robust in subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: High dietary magnesium intake was associated with decreased risk of all-cause mortality among patients with gout and HUA, and had a nonlinear inverse association with CVD mortality in HUA patients. The results highlight the potential advantages of assessing dietary magnesium intake in preventing all-cause and CVD mortality in patients with gout and HUA.