Spectroscopic analysis reveals persistent excitonic photochromism in doped stoichiometric lithium niobate, highlighting pathways to optimize real-time photorefractive materials.
For a deeper understanding of the outstanding real-time photorefractive medium LiNbO₃:(Bi,Mg) and excitonic processes in general, stoichiometric LiNbO₃ (SLN) crystals are investigated using low-intensity near-ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and infrared-ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy. Absorption bands separated in SLN:Bi and SLN:(Bi,Mg) are assigned to specific Bi defect types and their persistent association with self-trapped excitons (pinned STEs, PSTEs) generated by near-UV irradiation. Processes on widely differing timescales are predicted for one- and two-photon excitations involving different excited states, relevant for further optimization of the system.
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Kovács et al. (2024) studied this question.
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