Noise emission during offshore and near-shore pile driving is a significant contributor to impulsive anthropogenic noise in the maritime environment, and a good understanding of noise emission is important to design appropriate work methods and mitigation measures. In this paper we present airborne noise measurements taken during monopile installation in Dutch waters. The measurements were conducted during installation works on three piles using a 1400 kJ impact hammer, operating at various energy levels. We discuss the concept of scaling noise levels, which is regularly used for prediction of noise emission at a receiver location, and we verify this concept with the measurement data. The results of this work can be used for sitespecific airborne noise assessment of pile installation works.
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Veld et al. (2024) studied this question.
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