Reliable Knowledge as an Element of the Design of a Criminal Law Norm: problems of qualification

Based on the study of the nature of reliable knowledge as a special construct included in many crimes, the peculiarities of the interpretation of the criminal law containing a reference to knowledge and the problems of qualifying crimes involving the dissemination of knowingly false information are identified. In the context of digitalization of the communication space and the emergence of countless sources of information, a person can spread false information under the influence of delusion. Options are proposed for changing some criminal law norms in order to reduce the possibility of objective imputation when qualifying acts committed in emergency situations, in which it is difficult or impossible to verify the accuracy of information.