Pulsatile flow of immiscible ternary hybrid nanofluid in a corrugated curved channel

The present study investigates electromagentohydrodynamic (EMHD) pulsatile immiscible ternary hybrid nanofluid flow over curved channel with wavy walls. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), silver (Ag), and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) are ternary nanoparticles embedded in host immiscible fluids. The channel was partitioned into two regions: Region I and Region II. Region I is filled with the Casson fluid model to define non-Newtonian behavior, whereas region II occupies a Newtonian fluid. The flow problem is converted into a partial differential equation. Then, using appropriate perturbation analysis, it is converted into corresponding ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and solved via the Runge-Kutta fourth-order numerical scheme with the shooting method. The influence of the fluid width parameter, curvature parameter, shape factor of nanoparticles, and various important pertinent parameters on the flow variable are analyzed. The findings are presented using two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) graphs accompanied by contour plots. The heat transfer rate was compared for different combinations of nanoparticles for both cases when both walls of the channel were in and out of phase. The influence of the curvature of the channel on the shear stress is presented in a table. The outcome reveals the maximum heat transfer for molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles within the out-of-phase alignment. Moreover, the present research shows that the effect of wall corrugations become irrelevant for high values of Hartmann number.