Preliminary Exploration of Coverage for Moon-Based/HEO Spaceborne Bistatic SAR Earth Observation in Polar Regions

To address the challenge of achieving both temporal consistency and spatial continuity in Earth observation data of polar regions, this paper proposes an innovative concept of Moon-based/Highly Elliptical Orbit (HEO) Spaceborne Bistatic Synthetic Aperture Radar (MH-BiSAR), with transmitters on the Moon and receivers on HEO satellites. By utilizing ephemeris data and an orbit propagator, this study explores MH-BiSAR’s geometric coverage capabilities in polar regions and conducts a preliminary analysis of its characteristics. The findings reveal that MH-BiSAR could provide continuous multi-day revisit observations of polar regions within each sidereal month, presenting a significant advantage for monitoring high-dynamic and large-scale scientific phenomena, such as polar sea ice observations. This innovative observational method offers a new perspective for polar monitoring and is expected to deepen our understanding of polar phenomena.