Biomechanical identification and simulation of passive ankle joints in anybody

Virtual biomechanical simulation models enable safe exploration of new treatment methods. This paper presents a data-driven force-dependent kinematics model within the AnyBody modeling system that simulates biomechanical stability of the passive ankle complex. A simulation model was developed in AnyBody based on the Twente Lower Extremity Model, and model parameters were identified by using a sequential least squares quadratic programming optimization method with results from ex vivo biomechanical experiments. The final root mean squared error was 2.29 degrees for rotation tests, and 0.26 mm for the lateral translation test.