جماليات التذهيب في الأعمال الفنية من الحضارات القديمة وصولاً للفن الحديث والمعاصر Aesthetics of Gilding in Artistic Art Ancient Civilizations All the Way to Modern and Contemporary Art

Artists have used gold leaf in their works over the centuries as a way to make their works more sparkling or sparkling, gold leaf was used as a layer ,or background filler in Japan in the seventeenth century, there are many works of art in which gold was the main color, evoking a heavenly feeling, gilding is the addition of gold or lighting, and the use of gold leaf in works of art is called gilding, an ancient art known to the ancient Egyptians and other civilizations and used by the Copts in Egypt before Islam in the decoration of books. The research dealt with gilding in ancient civilizations up to contemporary and modern art, dealing with gilding in Italy and the Renaissance, gilding in ancient Greece, gilding in Japan and what was distinguished by the art of gold carpentry, where gold and its leaves were used in the habit of making broken vessels, gilding in Asia, gilding in Coptic art, gilding and Islamic civilization, gilding in the modern era , First:- European artists Gustav Klimt, Kimiko Yoshida, Kimura Riku, Nancy Raines ,Egyptian artists Second:-Fatima Abdel Rahman, Adel Mostafa, Ali Said Hegazy, Akilah Riad