Evaluation of Pregnancy Outcome in Women with 1st Trimester Vaginal Bleeding: An Observational Study

Vaginal bleeding before 12 weeks of gestation is a common complication affecting approximately 20% of pregnant women, often linked to factors such as implantation bleeding, miscarriages, ectopic pregnancy, and cervical pathology. This hospital-based observational study, conducted over one year at the Department of OBG in Raja Rajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, evaluated the factors associated with first trimester vaginal bleeding and its impact on maternal and fetal outcomes. With a sample size of 120 women meeting specific inclusion criteria, the study found that threatened miscarriages were the most common outcome, with a significant portion of cases progressing to viable pregnancies. The research underscores the importance of early diagnosis and close monitoring to improve neonatal outcomes, highlighting the need for enhanced prenatal care for women experiencing first trimester bleeding to minimize complications.