Nephrolepis cordifolia: An Interdisciplinary Review of Its Ecological, Ethnobotanical and Pharmacological Significance

Nephrolepis cordifolia, commonly called the sword fern, is a terrestrial plant valued for its ecological, medicinal, and cultural relevance. It is native to tropical and subtropical regions but has successfully adapted to a variety of environments, including forests, rocky areas, and urban ecosystems. This review synthesises available research on the species, emphasising its roles in ecological restoration, traditional medicine, and pharmacological development. From an ecological standpoint, N. cordifolia plays an important role in maintaining soil integrity and preventing erosion. It contributes to ecosystem stability by supporting biodiversity and participating in natural processes such as phytoremediation. Chemically, the plant is a rich source of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds. These constituents are linked to various biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, and cytotoxic effects. Traditional healing systems across Asia and other regions have long used this fern to treat ailments such as indigestion, fever, respiratory problems, and skin disorders. In some areas, it has also been utilised for its diuretic and contraceptive properties. Although traditional knowledge provides a strong foundation for its use, comprehensive scientific validation, particularly through clinical studies and molecular research, remains limited. This review aims to consolidate current findings and highlight the plant’s therapeutic and environmental relevance. It underscores the necessity of a multidisciplinary research approach to fully explore the potential of Nephrolepis cordifolia. With more concentrated scientific inquiry, this resilient and underexplored species could emerge as a significant contributor to both natural healthcare and sustainable ecological practices. Major Findings: Nephrolepis cordifolia contributes significantly to ecological restoration through soil stabilisation and phytoremediation. Its rich phytochemical profile supports traditional medicinal uses and reveals potential for pharmacological development.