Secure healthcare data sharing for the Internet of Things scenario using encryption and optimal routing

The Internet of Things (IoT)-based healthcare domain has enabled continuous monitoring, diagnosis, and management of patient health using smart wearable sensors. Still, efficient and secure transmission of sensitive health data remains a challenging task due to the resource-constrained nature of wireless networks. Thus, in the proposed method, an IoT-based healthcare data gathering with enhanced protocols for clustering, encryption, and routing. Initially, real-time data are collected from IoT devices and are clustered using an improved LEACH-based clustering mechanism that ensures energy efficiency and scalability. The most suitable Cluster Heads (CHs) are selected by considering range, centrality, distance, and energy efficiency. For enhancing the data security, the Enhanced Blowfish Algorithm is employed to encrypt the gathered data before transmission. The secure data is then shared to the base station using the Enhanced Ninja Optimization Algorithm (EnNO) algorithm by considering the multi-objective fitness by considering latency, energy, trust, and distance that ensures the optimal routing in healthcare networks.