Evaluating Awareness, Availability, and Implementation of Seizure Action Plans (SAP) in Schools of Karachi, Pakistan

Epilepsy, a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, affects millions globally, particularly in low- and middle-income countries like Pakistan. Despite its prevalence, stigma and misconceptions surrounding epilepsy persist, necessitating educational initiatives to enhance awareness and understanding. This cross-sectional study, conducted in Karachi, Pakistan, aimed to identify barriers to the awareness, availability, and implementation of Seizure Action Plans (SAPs) in schools. Thirty-two teachers from urban schools participated in structured interviews. Most participants, 65.6%, were aware of SAPs; however, their availability in schools was limited, with only 56.3% participants reporting their presence. Lack of awareness (68.8%), funding (15.6%), understanding (12.5%), and access to medical resources (6.2%) were cited as reasons for the absence of SAPs. Participants demonstrated limited knowledge of first-aid procedures, with only 53.1% knowing how to administer first aid during seizures. Moreover, only 6.25% were aware of emergency medication to be given during seizures. Discrepancies between perceived and actual responses to seizure incidents were evident, highlighting the urgent need for improving awareness and preparedness among educators. A comparison with international studies revealed similar challenges that educators face, emphasizing the importance of epilepsy awareness campaigns and comprehensive training initiatives. Addressing these barriers can lead to improved awareness, reduced stigma, and better outcomes for individuals living with epilepsy.