Evaluation of the Hydrodynamic Properties and Performance Efficiency of a Three-Row Permeable Vertical Breakwater

Coastal protection structures reduce risks and economic losses by eliminating coastal erosion, wave damage, and flooding. Fixed breakwaters are used along the coast but are often inappropriate due to their negative environmental impact. Permeable breakwaters resemble a row of breakwaters with continuous walls and are proposed as a more environmentally friendly alternative. The wave-structure interaction and flow behavior of this type of breakwater are more complex but must be analyzed before designing it. This study develops a mathematical model of wave interaction with a permeable three-row vertical breakwater based on the least squares method. Comparison with experimental measurements of the reflection, transmission, and dissipation coefficients shows that the mathematical model adequately reproduces most of the important features of the results. This study provides a deeper understanding of the hydrodynamic performance of a permeable three-row vertical continuous wall breakwater.