Cone Beam Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Root Canal morphology of Maxillary and Mandibular Molars in the Egyptian Population.

Background: Maxillary and mandibular molars exhibit morphological variations in root and canal number, resulting in a higher incidence of missed canals during treatment. The drawbacks of periapical radiographs during diagnosis led to special interest in CBCT use. Aim: Evaluate morphological variations in first and second maxillary molars and first mandibular molars in an Egyptian population using CBCT scans in-vivo. Materials and Methods: CBCT scans of 105 patients scheduled for RCT (first maxillary molar n=35, second maxillary molar n=35, first mandibular molar n=35) were selected from MIU`s dental clinics complex for detailed morphological analysis. Results: The study found that all examined maxillary first molars showed three roots, with 74.3% having four root canals and 25.7% having three. The mesio-buccal root predominantly displayed type II Vertucci configuration, followed by type IV, type I, and type V. The distobuccal and palatal roots typically had type I configuration. Upper second molars showed varying root and canal numbers, with 88.5% having three roots and 48.6% having either three or four canals. Type I was the most common Vertucci configuration in the mesiobuccal root. All examined mandibular first molars mostly had two roots, with 54.3% having four canals and 45.7% having three. Type IV was the most prevalent configuration in the mesial root, while type I was common in the distal root and Radix Entomolaris. Conclusion: The study reveals morphological variations in maxillary and mandibular molars in the Egyptian population. Pre-evaluating root canal morphology using CBCT imaging enhances endodontic therapy outcomes.