Correlation between the structural phase transition and magnetic properties of sol-gel synthesized La₂CoFeO₆ nanoparticles

The La 2 CoFeO 6 (LCFO) nanoparticles were synthesized using the sol-gel method and calcined at 600 , 800 , and 1000 . The X-ray diffraction data confirm the successful formation of LCFO nanoparticles. The crystallite size was observed to increase from ∼ 13 nm to ∼ 26 nm as the calcination temperature rose. Detailed Rietveld analysis revealed the coexistence of both orthorhombic ( Pnma : S.G. 62) and rhombohedral ( : S.G. 167) phases in the LCFO samples. A two-phase Rietveld refinement demonstrated a structural phase transition (from Pnma to ) as the calcination temperature increased. FESEM micrographs exhibited a granular morphology for the LCFO nanoparticles, and the grain size was observed to increase with the elevated calcination temperature. Magnetization curves illustrated an increase in magnetization with a decrease in crystallite size or a reduction in calcination temperature for LCFO nanoparticles. At higher calcination temperatures, the rhombohedral phase displayed significant antisite disorder, resulting in the disruption of long-range ferromagnetic ordering in the material and a subsequent decrease in maximum magnetization.