The 2022 ICJ Judgment in Nicaragua v. Colombia: Towards a Theory of Exclusivity in Allocating Rights and Jurisdiction between the Coastal and Other States?

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Freedom of navigation restricts coastal state authority within the exclusive economic zone, preventing domestic legislation from unilaterally expanding maritime jurisdiction.
Judicial assessment of Nicaragua v Colombia clarifies legal criteria for straight baselines, while evaluating statutory compliance within the contiguous zone under treaty law.
The emerging theory of exclusivity balances sovereign rights between coastal and foreign nations, shaping the evolution of international regulatory frameworks across maritime spaces.

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Legal analysis demonstrates maritime rights allocation between coastal and foreign states, highlighting constraints imposed by freedom of navigation.

Zhang et al. (2024) studied this question.

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Legal analysis demonstrates maritime rights allocation between coastal and foreign states, highlighting constraints imposed by freedom of navigation.