Effective Role of Cytotoxic CD8+ T Cell in Iraqi Alopecia areata Patients

Background: The overall lifetime disease risk for Alopecia areata , a common condition affecting the hair and nails, in the general population is 2%. It is believed to be an autoimmune disease, although the exact pathophysiology of AA is still unknown. Variations in cytokines produced by CD4 and CD8 T cells are thought to be the main contributors to hair loss. CD8+ T cells target intra-follicular regions, while NK cells and CD4 + T cells congregate, and CD8+ T cells target intra-follicular regions. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the presence of CD8 T cells in Iraqi individuals with Alopecia areata . Materials and Methods: The study groups consisted of two groups: 1) 45 Alopecia areata patients (32 males and 13 females) with ages ranging from 5 to 59, and 2) 45 people in the control group who were in good health, had been examined by a physician, and were between the ages of 4 and 50, using the ELISA technique. The quantitative measurement of serum levels of CD8+ was performed. Results: The findings between the groups under investigation revealed an elevated mean for CD8 + 323.7127.3 ng/mL and healthy controls 159.862.1 ng/mL, respectively. The findings revealed a marked rise in the serum CD8+ mean levels between the sick and healthy control groups, a strong correlation across all parameters ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study concluded that Alopecia areata is more prevalent in men than in women. It also found a highly significant relationship ( P < 0.05) between the mean CD8+ circulating blood levels in patients and the healthy control group.