Evaluation of Homocysteine and Selenium Levels and Some Risk Factors for Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction in Babylon Governorate

Background: Commonly known as a heart attack, it occurs when blood flow decreases or stops in the coronary artery of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle. Objective: The study aims to evaluate the role of homocysteine and selenium in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients and their relationship with some risk factors. Materials and Methods: This study involved 60 patients with (AMI), who were separated into two groups: Group 1 (G1) patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and Group 2 (G2) patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. The study also included a control group (CG) of 60 participants. The study extended from January 2022 until January 2023. The study was carried out in Iraq, at the Department of Biochemistry in the College of Medicine at the University of Babylon, and at Marjan Medical City, Hilla City. Determination of Homocysteine (Hcy) was done by Abbott i1000. Determination of Selenium was done by Graphite furnace atomic spectrophotometer. Results: Hcy was significantly higher in AMI patients compared to CG ( P value < 0.001) and found to be extremely elevated in STEMI than non-STEMI ( P value < 0.001). Selenium was significantly lower in AMI patients compared with CG ( P value < 0.05). Conclusion: Patients with AMI in Babylon province have high levels of homocysteine and low levels of selenium. The observed patterns of results suggest that the identified markers may play a significant role in the development of thrombosis and atherosclerosis, as well as the onset and prognosis of myocardial infarction.