The evolution and application of new approaches for modeling and developing of sparse wire grid antennas

Today, it is critical to continually research and improve antenna manufacturing techniques to meet the growing needs of the market. Using the advantages of numerical methods, researchers can extend the boundaries of antenna engineering by creating new and highly efficient antenna structures. In this paper, a preliminary study of two approaches for efficiently modeling and design sparse wire-grid antennas is carried out. The main idea is to create an optimal wire-grid structure that best follows the current paths in the antenna while maintaining its consistency with minimal mass. In addition, this structure can be used in further simulations with less resources and controlled performance accuracy. A parabolic reflector antenna and a conical horn antenna were used to explain the algorithms of the proposed approaches. The measured and calculated results for the equivalent wire-grid structure of these antennas were used for verification. To evaluate the effectiveness of these approaches, their results were compared with the results of other approaches proposed in previous works. The proposed approaches have shown advantages over others, and the optimal approach has been determined. Recommendations for use and future perspectives are given.