The Literal Sense: A Prefatory Postscript

Is there a "basic" meaning to a text? Or is every text ambiguous from the start? Insofar as a foundational work may be considered to be multivalent in meaning, by what principles do interpreters assess its "literal" sense? How broadly do they construe its scope — and what are the conceptual and historical implications of such perspectives? From antiquity to modernity, far-reaching changes in approach to literality are not just efforts to "figure out" words. Aiming to formulate relationships between words and events, they are efforts to figure out the world.