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High yield has always been the primary objective of peanut breeding. 100-pod weight (HPW), 100-seed weight (HSW), and shelling percentage (SP), are crucial components of peanut yield. This study aimed to construct a high-density linkage map by resequencing the recombined inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between "Silihong" (A. hypogaea var. fastigiate) and "Jinonghei 3" (A. hypogaea var. hypogaea). The map consisted of 4,499 bins spread across 20 chromosomes, totaling 1712.32 cM in length with an average inter-marker distance of 0.38 cM. A total of 46 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified across three environments. The major QTLs, including qHPW5.2, qHPW18.1, qSP7.1, qSP8.1, qSP8.2, qSP18.1, and qSP18.2, exhibited PVE (phenotypic variation explained) of 12.04, 11.41, 16.53, 24.17, 10.49, 10.82, and 29.89%, respectively. Fourteen QTLs identified across multiple environments were considered stable. One QTL (qHPW7, qHSW7.1, qSP7) was associated with all three traits, with the PVE value of 8.91, 9.04, and 16.53% for HPW, HSW, and SP, respectively. The genome-wide association study was conducted using the US mini-core collection to validate the accuracy of QTL mapping. Across two environments, 115 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were significantly associated with HPW, HSW, and SP in the association panel. Six SNPs were associated with two traits, explaining an average phenotypic variation of 13.84%. Combining the two mapping populations, AX-176802178, detected on chromosome 7 in the association panel, which controlled SP, was located within the QTL qSP7 confidence interval defined by the RILs. Moreover, three KASP markers were developed and validated in peanut landraces and varieties. These QTLs might offer valuable insights for understanding the genetic basis of HPW, HSW, and SP and provide useful molecular markers for marker-assisted breeding in peanuts.
Li et al. (Sat,) studied this question.