A mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) is a primitive cell with the ability to self-replicate, differentiated into multiple tissues, fight apoptosis, and reduce inflammation. Among MSCs, adipose stem cells (ASCs) might be a more useful source for cell therapy because of their abundance, relatively easy harvesting, and high proliferation potential. MSCs may be used in the repair of damaged tissue and suppress immune responses. Stem cell secretome (SCS) is the totality of all substances released by stem cells to outside. It is composed of two different fractions: extracellular vesicles (EVs) and soluble factors. SCS includes angiogenic factors, growth and trophic factors, chemokines, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and anti-inflammatory cytokines. EVs exert their effects by delivering contents such as proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs to recipient cells. Therefore, administration of conditioned media or EVs released by ASCs is as effective as the ASCs themselves in the treatment of various diseases. Furthermore, compared with ASC transplantation, cell-free therapies mediated by ASC supernatant or ASC-derived EVs have many advantages including safety, ease of handling or storage low possibility of immune rejection, and no risk of aneuploidy or vascular occlusion. This article reviews the immunomodulatory and regenerative properties of ASCs or ASC-derived EVs and their therapeutic application in intractable rhinologic diseases.
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Cho et al. (2024) studied this question.
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