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Instrument development study demonstrates a valid 14-item diagnostic tool for chemical bonding concepts in students, highlighting robust parameters for identifying unscientific ideas.
This study highlights the development and validation of a four-tier instrument in chemical bonding to produce a valid and reliable instrument in the discipline. The instrument was developed according to the procedure proposed by Habiddin & Page (2019), including (1) mapping concept (2) testing & interviewing, (3) identifying & collecting student’s unscientific ideas, (4) developing the four-tier instrument, (5) validating the four-tier instrument, and (6) refining the final four-tier. 14 questions were considered valid and reliable. The parameters to justify the quality of the instruments, including validity, reliability, distractor effectiveness, difficulty level, and discriminatory index were also discussed.
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Amalia et al. (2024) studied this question.
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