The purpose of the paper is to explore recent practical experiences of state financial interventions in property-led regeneration in England. It considers the policy context for property regeneration through ‘Levelling Up’, explains the reasons for market failure and why state support is needed, and then outlines the various models/methods of financial state support to address such failures. It provides a commentary on the pros and cons of the various models, citing examples where appropriate, and concludes by highlighting some of the current challenges and opportunities facing funding and financing of regeneration activity.
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Stephen Miles (2024) studied this question.
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